David Bassanese, chief economist, Betashares
The United States economy is now confronting the dilemma of both weakening economic activity and stubbornly persistent inflation - a combination otherwise known as “stagflation”, which is the worst of all worlds for bond and equity markets.
Although the surprise drop in US employment in February can be partly attributed to one-off factors, it’s also consistent with a broader easing in employment demand and supply over the past year.
Higher US tariffs along with the crackdown on illegal immigration have both conspired to weaken labour demand and labour supply. Higher US tariffs have both added to economic uncertainty and consumer prices while reducing corporate profits. The crackdown on illegal immigration - estimated to account for 10% of the workforce - has also reduced labour supply.
Raising tariffs while restricting the supply of labour are just the first two of the negative supply shocks US President Donald Trump has imposed on the world’s leading economy.
We can now add a third stagflationary negative supply shock - the war with Iran, which has already raised global oil prices by 30%. Whatever the justification for this war, the hit to US energy costs will also act to dampen economic activity whilst boosting inflation.
The RBA faces its own dilemma. New downside risks to the US economy must also be something the RBA will need to consider when next deciding on rates later this month. Yet at the same time, a prolonged rise in petrol prices will add to the risk of inflation staying uncomfortably higher for longer - potentially feeding into wage and price inflation expectations at a time when both product and labour markets are tight and both workers and businesses have strong pricing power.